What is the type of weaving process where some yards "float" over multiple opposing yards?

The weaving process where some yarns "float" over multiple opposing yarns is known as satin weave. In satin weave, the structure allows for a smooth face with a shiny appearance because the yarns float over several other yarns before being interlaced. This results in fewer interlacings and a longer, uninterrupted surface, which contributes to the distinctive sheen associated with satin fabrics.

In contrast, plain weave consists of yarns woven in a simple over-under pattern with no floats, and twill weave creates a diagonal pattern with a more complex interlacing structure, typically used for durability and texture. Jacquard weave is known for its ability to create intricate and elaborate patterns, but it does not specifically emphasize floating yarns in the same manner as satin weave does. Thus, satin weave is the correct answer as it is characterized specifically by those floating yarns which give it its unique texture and appearance.