What products are used to break down protein stains into soluble substances?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that effectively break down protein stains into soluble substances, making them easier to remove through cleaning processes. Protein stains, which can come from sources such as food, blood, or sweat, require specific types of enzymes to facilitate their breakdown.

Enzymes target the peptide bonds that link amino acids in proteins, cleaving these bonds and transforming the complex molecules into smaller, more manageable components that can then be washed away. This biochemical action is particularly advantageous for cleaning professionals, as it enhances the efficiency of stain removal without damaging the fabric.

Surfactants and detergents play important roles in cleaning by reducing surface tension and lifting dirt or stains from surfaces, but they do not specifically target protein structures like enzymes do. Acids can be useful for removing certain types of stains but are not designed to break down protein structures effectively and can potentially harm delicate fabrics if not used correctly. Thus, enzymes stand out as the ideal choice for addressing protein stains in upholstery and fabrics.